Disclaimer &
Methodology Notice

Section 01

Nature of LANDMARQ Scores

LANDMARQ produces a Community Risk Score (CRC) and an associated probability of community opposition, referred to as P(NIMBY), for individual land parcels. These outputs represent a probabilistic opinion derived from the analysis of observable public data across seven variable categories.

A LANDMARQ score is analogous to a credit rating or an actuarial risk estimate: it reflects a systematic, data-driven assessment of relative risk based on historical patterns and observable signals. Like a credit rating, it is an opinion, not a guarantee.

LANDMARQ scores are not:

• A legal opinion on the permittability of any project
• A guarantee that a project will be approved or denied
• Investment advice or a recommendation to buy, sell, or develop any property
• A substitute for independent legal, planning, environmental, or financial due diligence
• A prediction of the actions of any specific regulatory body, elected official, or community group

Section 02

Understanding Model Accuracy

LANDMARQ refers to an 83% backtest alignment rate derived from a retrospective analysis of 30 completed utility-scale projects across California, Texas, and New York. This figure represents the proportion of historical outcomes, approvals and denials, that the model's output aligned with when assessed using only data available at the start of each project.

This figure should be understood in context:

• It reflects performance on a specific historical sample of 30 projects, not a statistically exhaustive dataset
• Past backtest alignment does not guarantee future model performance on any individual project
• The figure is reported alongside confidence intervals, not as a fixed-point prediction, because the training dataset size warrants range-based reporting
• Model weights and calibration are updated quarterly as new labeled outcomes become available from live deployments
• Performance may vary across geographies, asset classes, and regulatory environments not represented in the backtest dataset

Section 03

Data & Methodology Basis

LANDMARQ's scoring methodology is grounded in peer-reviewed academic research on infrastructure siting, community opposition, and permitting outcomes. All inputs to the model are drawn from observable public data. LANDMARQ does not use proprietary, confidential, or non-public information about any parcel, project, developer, or community. The score is designed to be fully auditable: every input is traceable to a publicly observable signal.

Users should be aware of the following methodological constraints:

• The model is calibrated on US onshore infrastructure projects and may not perform equivalently in other jurisdictions or asset classes
• NLP-based sentiment scoring reflects patterns in available public text data and may not capture all relevant community dynamics
• Historical permitting records may be incomplete or inconsistently documented across jurisdictions
• The model does not account for events that occur after the score is generated, including changes in political leadership, regulatory shifts, or new community organising activity

Section 04

Limitation of Liability

LANDMARQ provides data-driven risk intelligence as an analytical tool. Our outputs are probabilistic opinions based on systematic analysis of public information. We are not a licensed legal practice, a registered investment advisor, or a professional planning consultancy.

LANDMARQ does not accept liability for:

• Capital allocation decisions made on the basis of LANDMARQ scores or reports
• Permitting outcomes that differ from model predictions
• Losses arising from reliance on LANDMARQ outputs without independent professional verification
• Inaccuracies in underlying public data sources used as model inputs
• Changes in community sentiment, regulatory environment, or political conditions occurring after score generation

Users of LANDMARQ scores and reports accept that those outputs constitute analytical opinions only. All material capital, legal, and permitting decisions should be made in consultation with qualified professionals.

Section 05

Independent Advice

LANDMARQ strongly recommends that all users seek independent professional advice before making capital allocation, development, or investment decisions based on or informed by LANDMARQ scores. This includes:

• Legal counsel on permitting, zoning, land use, and regulatory compliance in the relevant jurisdiction
• Planning consultants on site-specific community engagement strategy and conditional use permit processes
• Environmental consultants on CEQA, NEPA, and site-specific environmental review requirements
• Investment advisors on the financial risk profile of any development project
• Community engagement specialists on local stakeholder dynamics not captured in public data

LANDMARQ is designed to be a first-screen tool that improves the efficiency of the diligence process, not a replacement for the professional judgment of qualified advisors.